James university hospital, leeds, yorkshire, england abstract a selfassessment scale has been developed and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxi. Assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population. This study aimed to translate and test the reliability and. The depression subscale of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hadsd is the most commonly used screening tool in medically ill patients. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a widely used instrument to measure psychological morbidity in cancer patients. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads can be used as a diagnostic aid with adolescents, with modifications to the cutoffs reflecting lower rates of depression among adolescents than among adults and higher rates of anxiety. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, german version hads 20 is a widely used 14item selfreport measure comprising 7 anxiety items and 7. Assessment of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Dear editor, we read with interest the findings by phan et al. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads hospital anxiety and depression scale hads depression only study identification tool comparator caseness population results consultation hahn et al.
The respondent rates each item on a 4point scale ranging from 0 absence to 3 extreme presence. The depressive and anxiety subscales are used to measure the severity of each disorder, with each. The aim of this study was to explore the properties of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads in a sample of 151 young people with asd. Outcome measure hospital anxiety and depression scale hads sensitivity to change yes population adult domain psychological status anxiety and depression type of measure selfreport scale icfcodes b152 emotional functions description the hads is a 14item selfreport measure, with seven items forming a depression subscale and another seven measuring anxiety. Reliability and factor structure of the hospital anxiety and. This questionnaire is designed to help your doctor know how you feel. To adapt the scale for chilean cancer patients, we used the spanish version 31 of the original scale 27. Seven of the items relate to anxiety and seven relate to depression. The depressive and anxiety subscales are used to measure the severity. Among the most commonly encountered of these conditions are anxiety and depression. It is suggested that the introduction of the scales into general hospital practice would. A two dimension scale developed to identify depression and anxiety among physically ill patients. The hads hospital anxiety and depression scale aims to measure symptoms of anxiety hads anxiety and depression hads depression. Hads is a screening tool that can help to quickly and effectively identify patients.
The validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads stroke engine. Ab0795 hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a non discriminatory patient related outcome measure prom in a rheumatology long term condition ltc clinic z. Normative data for the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Ab0795 hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a. Aug 01, 2003 the hospital anxiety and depression scale, or hads, was designed to provide a simple yet reliable tool for use in medical practice. A recent metaanalysis that included more than 20 studies concluded that the.
Assessment of the hospital anxiety and depression scale for. I wake early and then sleep badly for the rest of the night. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads acer. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads7 has been widely used as a screening instrument for anxiety and depression in the terminally ill. It has become a popular tool, for clinical practice and research. The hads was thereforedesigned to be a brief, 14 item, self assessment scale that was easily understandable and capable of distinguishing. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a bidirectional selfassessment scale used to screen for clinical depression and anxiety in hospital outpatient medical clinics. Additional assumptions specific to the hospital anxiety and depression scale are listed below.
Responses are based on the relative frequency of symptoms over the past week. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads and the 9. Pdf hospital anxiety and depression scale hads aastha. The term hospital in its title suggests that it is only valid in such a setting but many studies conducted throughout the world have confirmed that it is valid when used in community settings and primary care. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it.
The hads is widely used but has shown ambiguous results both regarding the factor structure and sex differences in the prevalence of depressive symptoms. The beauty of the hads score is its simplicity, speed and ease. The hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith as a screening tool to capture clinically significant states of anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric hospital setting 4. Hospital anxiety and depression scale, hds page 2 of 4 4 i can laugh and see the funny side of things as much as i always could 0 not quite so much now 1 definitely not so much now 2 not at all 3 5 worrying thoughts go through my mind a great deal of the time 3 a lot of the time 2 not too often 1 very little 0 6 i feel cheerful never 3 not. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads instructions. In this questionnaire, spontaneous answers are more important pre.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads 27 was created to this end, to evaluate the emotional state of nonpsychiatric subjects with physical disease cared for in outpatient hospital services28. The 15th and 16th items represent the total anxiety and depression. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads description. Apr 26, 2012 a two dimension scale developed to identify depression and anxiety among physically ill patients. Hads gives clinically meaningful results as a psychological screening tool and can assess the symptom severity and caseness of anxiety disorders and depression in patients with. Is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads a valid. A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads in different groups of dutch subjects. The depression items tend to focus on the anhedonic symptoms of depression. In addition to the phq9, the depression module of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hadsd is widely used to screen for depression. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a person is experiencing. Hads is a selfreport questionnaire consisting of 16 items, the first 14 of which are scored. Read online hospital anxiety and depression scale hads book pdf free download link book now. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population through selfreporting.
Encouragingly, our findings suggest that hads provides a reliable and valid assessment of anxiety and depression in asd. The hads was developed to provide clinicians with an acceptable, reliable, valid and easy to use practical tool for identifying and quantifying depression and anxiety. Doctors are aware that emotions play an important part in most illnesses. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was developed to provide clinicians with a reliable, valid, and practical tool to identify and quantify anxiety and depression specifically in patients seeking medical care for nonpsychiatric conditions. The term hospital in its title suggests that it is only valid in such a setting but many studies conducted throughout the world have confirmed that it is valid. Place an x on the answer that best describes how you have been feeling during the last week. Reliability and factor structure of the hospital anxiety. The anxiety and depressive subscales are also valid measures of severity of the emotional disorder. Scores of 07 in respective subscales are considered normal, with 810 borderline and 11 or over indicating clinical caseness.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week. This is a sample version of the hospital anxiety and. The hospital anxiety and depression scale health and. Pdf the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads. Diagnostic accuracy of the depression subscale of the. I get very frightened or have panic feelings for apparently no reason at all. Hads is a 14item selfreport screening scale that was originally developed to indicate the possible presence of anxiety and depression states in the setting of a medical nonpsychiatric. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a patient is experiencing. Hospital anxiety and depression scale, deutsche version. Hospital anxiety and depression scale rehabmeasures database. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, or hads, was designed to provide a simple yet reliable tool for use in medical practice.
A 14item scale divided into two subscales, anxiety and depression, each one comprising 7 items depression for even items and anxiety for odd ones. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads springerlink. Subjects rate the 14 items on a fivepoint scale 04. Is the hospital anxiety and depression scale associated. The instruments studied most widely in a variety of contexts are the general health questionnaire ghq and the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads.
The translation and evaluation of an urdu version of the hospital anxiety and depression. Is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads a. There is also a lack of psychometric evaluations of the hads in nonclinical samples of older people. Hospital anxiety and depression score hads this questionnaire helps your physician to know how you are feeling. Read each item and circle the reply which comes closest to. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads spinal cord. There is also a lack of psychometric evaluations of the. The hospital anxiety and depression scale zigmond 1983. This study examines the psychometric properties of a brief selfreport measure of anxiety and depression, the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads 4, in a sample of veterans evaluated in a department of veterans affairs va polytraumatbi clinic. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a selfadministered measure used to screen for the presence of depression and anxiety. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads pdf book.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale, german version hads 20 is a widely used 14item selfreport measure comprising 7 anxiety items and 7 depression items that yield separate anxiety and. In addition to the phq9, the depression module of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads d is widely used to screen for depression. Hospital anxiety and depression scale occupational medicine. Hospital anxiety and depression scale occupational. Hads can detect the presence and severity of mild degrees of mood disorder, anxiety and depression using one brief questionnaire. Is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads useful. A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression.
The hads can be used as a screening tool or can be used to track symptom. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet yes definitely yes sometimes no, not much no, not at all 1. Download hospital anxiety and depression scale hads book pdf free download link or read online here in pdf. Other than physically ill individuals, the hads is also used with community samplespopulations. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a valid and reliable selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression in both hospital and community settings. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression in both hospital and community settings. Participants completed hads and a range of mental health and well. The concept of anhedonia loss of pleasure in life underlies the depression subscale. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was devised 30 years ago by zigmond and snaith 1 to measure anxiety and depression in a general medical population of patients. Hospital anxiety and depression scale, deutsche version hads.
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